Nigeria and Russia: A History of Unfulfilled Promises.
Nigeria and Russia: A History of Unfulfilled Promises.
# Nigeria and Russia: A History of Broken Promises
Nigeria stands as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, brimming with investment potential. Militarily, it holds considerable respect in West Africa, playing a crucial role in regional security. As a dominant force in the region, Nigeria acts as a capable “big brother” to its neighbors. However, there are growing concerns regarding Russia’s intentions and influence in West Africa.
## Diplomatic Relations and Unfulfilled Expectations
Despite a cordial diplomatic relationship, Nigeria’s expectations from its long-standing ties with Russia have largely gone unmet. Historically, Russia has viewed Africa as a strategic foothold to monitor Europe, but this relationship has been marred by a series of broken promises that have persisted over the years.
Russia’s engagement with Nigeria began in the 1960s, but significant progress was slow due to Nigeria’s cautious approach in maintaining relations with the West. A turning point came during Nigeria’s civil war (1967-1970), when Russian military support helped the Nigerian government suppress separatist movements. However, despite the ongoing military assistance, Nigeria’s Western-oriented leadership kept Russian influence limited.
## A Pattern of Disappointment
Nigeria’s skepticism towards Russian promises has grown over the years. Numerous bilateral agreements have been signed, yet many remain unfulfilled. In 2001, President Olusegun Obasanjo sought to revive relations by visiting Moscow, resulting in several agreements for interstate cooperation. However, these commitments largely fizzled out without action.
Similarly, during President Dmitry Medvedev’s visit to Nigeria in June 2009, discussions about establishing a petrochemical plant, collaborating on nuclear energy, and oil exploration failed to materialize. A 2017 agreement for Russia to build a nuclear power plant in Nigeria also fell through, with no progress made on this front.
Recent negotiations led by Nigerian Foreign Minister Yusuf Tuggar in 2024 regarding the nuclear power project have yet to yield results, further cementing Russia’s reputation as an unreliable partner for development.
## Russia’s Regional Influence and Democratic Erosion
Nigeria’s concerns extend beyond broken promises to the broader implications of Russia’s influence in the Sahel region. Russia’s presence has fostered undemocratic practices, as seen in Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. The rise of jihadist groups has created security challenges that Russia has exploited.
Utilizing the Wagner Group, now known as Afrika Corps, Russia has supported military juntas that have overthrown democratically elected governments. These regimes have formed symbiotic relationships with Russia, trading security for access to illegally mined resources. This exploitation has not only funded Russia’s military endeavors, including its war in Ukraine, but has also left local populations in extreme poverty.
## The Diminishing Influence of ECOWAS
Nigeria is alarmed by the diminishing influence of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as the newly formed Alliance of Sahel States (AES) gains traction. Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have distanced themselves from ECOWAS, largely due to Russian influence.
This shift threatens the stability and progress achieved through ECOWAS, undermining regional integration. Russia’s involvement appears to exacerbate divisions within West Africa, complicating efforts to reconcile AES with ECOWAS.
## A Call to Action
As the largest economy in West Africa, Nigeria holds significant influence within ECOWAS and has a responsibility to address the detrimental effects of Russian involvement in the region. By highlighting the negative implications of this partnership, Nigeria can encourage other nations to be cautious in their dealings with Russia and its affiliates.
A coordinated response from ECOWAS is essential to consolidate the gains made in the region while minimizing Russia’s influence. Through a unified approach, West African nations can work to strengthen their democratic institutions and regional stability, ensuring that the legacy of broken promises does not define their future.
